How to Read a Thai Menu
Learn how to read a Thai restaurant menu like a local. Understand dish categories, cooking methods, key ingredients, and spice levels with our complete guide.
A Thai menu can look intimidating if you don't know the language. But there's a system behind the names — once you understand the structure, you can decode almost any dish.
Thai Menu Structure: Cooking Method First
Thai dish names almost always follow the same pattern: cooking method + main ingredient. Here are the key words:
- ผัด (Pad) — Stir-fried. E.g. Pad Thai (ผัดไทย), Pad Krapow (ผัดกะเพรา)
- ต้ม (Tom) — Boiled soup. E.g. Tom Yum (ต้มยำ), Tom Kha (ต้มข่า)
- แกง (Gaeng) — Curry. E.g. Gaeng Kheow Wan (แกงเขียวหวาน - Green Curry)
- ตำ (Tam) — Pounded in a mortar. E.g. Som Tam (ส้มตำ - Papaya Salad)
- ทอด (Tod) — Fried. E.g. Gai Tod (ไก่ทอด - Fried Chicken)
- ย่าง (Yang) — Grilled. E.g. Moo Yang (หมูย่าง - Grilled Pork)
- นึ่ง (Neung) — Steamed. E.g. Hoy Neung (หอยนึ่ง - Steamed Mussels)
- ยำ (Yum) — Spicy salad. E.g. Yum Woon Sen (ยำวุ้นเส้น - Glass Noodle Salad)
Popular Dish Categories
Thai menus are typically organized by category. Look for these section headers:
- อาหารเรียกน้ำย่อย — Appetizers
- แกง — Curries
- ผัด — Stir-fries
- เส้น — Noodles
- ข้าว — Rice dishes
- ของหวาน — Desserts
- เครื่องดื่ม — Drinks
Spice Level Indicators
- ไม่เผ็ด (Mai Phet) — Not spicy
- เผ็ดน้อย (Phet Noi) — Mildly spicy
- เผ็ดปานกลาง (Phet Pan Klang) — Medium spicy
- เผ็ดมาก (Phet Mak) — Very spicy
- 🇹🇭 Chili icons — Many menus use 🌶️ symbols: 1-5 peppers
Use a Multilingual Menu Tool
Many restaurants in Thailand now offer QR code menus with English and Chinese translations. If you see a QR code on the table, scan it — you'll likely get the menu in your language. Browse our Thai dish encyclopedia →
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